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Solar energy condensation battery heat dissipating arrangement

The initial program of heat dissipation devices for solar concentrator cells

Input conditions and requirements
Battery size : 33mmx33mm
Battery heat dissipation : 453W
Ambient air temperature : -30~+40oC
Air cooling of nature convection
Working temperature of solar cell : <100oC

Brief cooling Solution:

Program 1
We use heat pipe radiator scheme where the evaporator section of the heat pipe is a flat copper block measuring 106x106x15mm .
Film solar cells are glued on the center of the evaporator section of the flat-type heat pipe, where the copper surface is spray coated a thin layer of ceramic, we consider it as non-contact thermal resistance. Heat pipe condenser section is a copper tube
Ф32mm, its length is 460mm, and on the outer surface of the tube there are(aluminium tube with )24 radial fins whose thickness
is1.2mm (directly extruded into the ladder shape), fin’s length is 450mm and its width is 80mm. Heat pipe mediums are water mixed with antifreeze.

Program 2
Considering that the solar cells may need to be replaced due to damage, the heat pipe and solar cells are not made as one solid piece, but detachable construction. However, such a high heat flux density of the contact resistance is not acceptable. Therefore the over the copper thermal spreader scheme is applied, where the solar cells with 100x100x10mm (see photo 2) is composed of one thermal spreader. Then it is connected with the planar heat pipe evaporation by screws. This method would add an additional layer contact resistance. If use silicone grease between two contacted surfaces, there would be a temperature gradient 20 o C existing.It is not acceptable again. To this end, the contacted surfaces should be treated, the screws should be laid out correctly and the screw tightening torque should be calculated. After that it is possible to make temperature gradient down to 5 o C or so. But this number only comes from literature data. For a real project the data of the thermal contact resistance comes from test data. If consider the temperature gradient is 5 o C , the condenser section length needs to be extended by another 50mm, total length 510mm. According to this scheme the heat pipe can be made all of aluminum, heat transfer medium is ammonia. The performance is better and there is no freezing problem at low temperatures.